By Haemorrhoids, also known as piles, are swollen veins in the rectum or anus that can cause discomfort, itching, and bleeding. While they can develop at any age, they become increasingly common with ageing due to a combination of physiological changes, lifestyle factors, and underlying health conditions. Understanding why haemorrhoids occur more frequently in older adults is essential for prevention and management. This article explores the age-related factors that contribute to their development, common haemorrhoids symptoms, and the most effective haemorrhoids treatment options available. Consulting a female colorectal surgeon can provide specialised care, particularly for women experiencing these issues.
Why Haemorrhoids Become More Common With Age
Several factors increase the likelihood of developing haemorrhoids in older adults. These include weakened blood vessels, decreased bowel motility, and changes in diet and activity levels.
Weakening of Blood Vessels and Connective Tissue
As people age, the walls of blood vessels and the connective tissue that support them naturally weaken. This process, known as vascular ageing, makes veins more prone to swelling and damage, particularly in areas like the rectum where pressure builds up during bowel movements. The weakening of these tissues means that even minor straining can lead to the development of haemorrhoids.
Chronic Constipation and Straining
Constipation is a common issue among older adults, often due to slower digestion, decreased physical activity, and dietary changes. The frequent use of medications, including painkillers, antidepressants, and blood pressure drugs, can further contribute to constipation by reducing bowel motility. Straining during bowel movements increases pressure in the rectal veins, leading to haemorrhoid formation. Increasing dietary fibre intake and staying hydrated can help reduce this risk.
Sedentary Lifestyle
A decline in physical activity is another significant factor in the increased prevalence of haemorrhoids among older adults. Regular movement helps promote healthy circulation and prevent blood from pooling in the veins. Sitting for long periods, particularly on hard surfaces, places additional pressure on the rectal veins, exacerbating haemorrhoids. Simple activities such as walking, stretching, and pelvic floor exercises can aid in prevention.
Changes in Bowel Habits and Pelvic Floor Function
The muscles of the pelvic floor, which support the rectum and help control bowel movements, naturally weaken with age. In some cases, this can result in incomplete evacuation, leading to frequent straining and increased pressure on rectal veins. Women, in particular, may experience pelvic floor dysfunction following childbirth, making them more susceptible to haemorrhoids later in life. Seeking advice from a female colorectal surgeon can help address these concerns with personalised treatment strategies.
Recognising Haemorrhoid Symptoms in Older Adults
Haemorrhoids present with a range of symptoms, which can vary in severity. Common haemorrhoids symptoms include:
- Itching or irritation around the anus
- Pain or discomfort, especially while sitting
- Swelling or lumps near the anus
- Bright red blood on toilet paper or in the stool
- A feeling of incomplete bowel evacuation
These symptoms should not be ignored, as early intervention can prevent complications such as thrombosed haemorrhoids or excessive bleeding.
Effective Haemorrhoids Treatment Options
The choice of haemorrhoids treatment depends on the severity of symptoms. For mild cases, lifestyle modifications such as increasing fibre intake, drinking more water, and avoiding prolonged sitting can be effective. Over-the-counter creams and suppositories may also provide relief.
For more persistent cases, medical treatments include:
- Radiofrequency Ablation: This is a minimally invasive procedure that uses heat energy to shrink and eliminate haemorrhoidal tissue. This technique reduces blood flow to the haemorrhoid, leading to gradual shrinkage with minimal pain and faster recovery compared to traditional surgical methods.
- Rubber Band Ligation: A non-surgical procedure where a small rubber band is placed around the haemorrhoid to cut off its blood supply, causing it to shrink and fall off.
- Sclerotherapy: A solution is injected into the haemorrhoid, causing it to shrink.
- Infrared Coagulation: A minimally invasive procedure using heat to shrink the haemorrhoidal tissue.
- Surgical Removal: In severe cases, haemorrhoidectomy or haemorrhoidopexy may be necessary. Consulting a female colorectal surgeon ensures a professional assessment and the most suitable treatment plan.
How to Reduce the Risk of Haemorrhoids as You Age
Preventative measures can significantly reduce the likelihood of developing haemorrhoids. Some key strategies include:
- Eating a High-Fibre Diet: Incorporating whole grains, fruits, and vegetables promotes soft stools and reduces straining.
- Staying Hydrated: Drinking sufficient water prevents constipation.
- Exercising Regularly: Engaging in physical activity supports healthy bowel movements and circulation.
- Avoiding Prolonged Sitting: Taking breaks from sitting and using a cushion can alleviate pressure on the rectal veins.
- Practising Good Toilet Habits: Avoiding straining and responding promptly to the urge to pass stool helps prevent excessive pressure on the rectum.
Managing Haemorrhoids for Long-Term Comfort
Haemorrhoids are a common issue among older adults due to natural changes in blood vessels, bowel habits, and lifestyle. Recognising haemorrhoids symptoms early and seeking timely haemorrhoids treatment can improve comfort and prevent complications. Adopting a high-fibre diet, staying active, and avoiding prolonged sitting are crucial preventive measures. For those experiencing persistent or severe haemorrhoids, consulting a female colorectal surgeon can provide expert guidance and tailored treatment options. Taking proactive steps can significantly reduce the impact of haemorrhoids and enhance quality of life as individuals age.