By Colorectal cancer has traditionally been associated with older adults, but in recent years, cases among younger people have been on the rise. More individuals in their 20s, 30s, and 40s are receiving a diagnosis, often at advanced stages, prompting experts to investigate what is driving this shift. For those experiencing persistent digestive symptoms, seeking advice from a colorectal surgeon is essential. With greater awareness, early detection through a colonoscopy in Melbourne could make a significant difference. Whether consulting a female surgeon, family doctor, or another specialist, younger adults need to be proactive about their bowel health.
The Alarming Increase in Cases
While overall colorectal cancer rates are declining in older populations, diagnoses among younger adults have been steadily rising. Studies show that the incidence of colorectal cancer in people under 50 has nearly doubled over the past three decades. According to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), although the majority of cases still occur in older adults, the rate among those under 50 has increased by approximately 2% per year.
This trend is concerning because younger patients are more likely to be diagnosed at later stages, making treatment more complex. As routine colorectal cancer screening typically begins at 50 (or 45 for those at higher risk), many younger adults are not tested until symptoms become severe.
Potential Causes Behind the Rising Trend
Although research is ongoing, several key factors are thought to be contributing to the increase in colorectal cancer among younger people.
1. Diet and Lifestyle Changes
Modern diets, high in processed foods, red meat, and low in fibre, have been linked to a greater risk of colorectal cancer. A shift towards fast food, sugary drinks, and ultra-processed meals has affected gut bacteria and increased inflammation, both of which may contribute to cancer development.
2. Obesity and Sedentary Lifestyles
Obesity is a well-established risk factor for colorectal cancer, and with rising obesity rates in younger populations, the link becomes clearer. Sedentary lifestyles, including prolonged screen time and reduced physical activity, may also play a role by slowing digestion and increasing inflammation.
3. Gut Microbiome Imbalances
Research suggests that disruptions in gut bacteria could contribute to colorectal cancer. Antibiotic use, poor diet, and lifestyle factors can lead to imbalances in gut flora, which may trigger inflammation and other cancer-promoting conditions.
4. Genetics and Family History
While only a small percentage of colorectal cancer cases are inherited, those with a family history of the disease are at significantly higher risk. Conditions such as Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) can predispose individuals to early-onset colorectal cancer, making regular screenings essential for those with genetic risks.
5. Environmental and Chemical Exposures
Exposure to environmental toxins, chemicals in food packaging, and pollutants may also contribute to rising cancer rates. While research is still developing in this area, endocrine-disrupting chemicals found in plastics and pesticides have been linked to various cancers, including colorectal cancer.
Recognising the Symptoms Early
One of the biggest challenges in diagnosing colorectal cancer in younger adults is that symptoms are often dismissed or attributed to less serious conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or haemorrhoids. Key warning signs include:
- Persistent changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhoea or constipation
- Blood in the stool
- Unexplained weight loss
- Abdominal pain or cramping
- Fatigue or weakness
Anyone experiencing these symptoms for more than a few weeks should consult a male or female surgeon who is also a colorectal surgeon to discuss potential screening options. A colonoscopy in Melbourne can help detect early signs of cancer, improving treatment outcomes.
Prevention and Early Detection: What You Can Do
Although some risk factors, such as genetics, cannot be changed, there are steps young adults can take to lower their risk:
- Eat a high-fibre diet – Increasing the intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can improve gut health and reduce cancer risk.
- Stay active – Regular exercise helps maintain a healthy weight and supports digestion.
- Reduce processed foods and red meat – Cutting down on processed meats and ultra-processed foods may lower inflammation in the gut.
- Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol – Both smoking and heavy drinking are linked to an increased risk of colorectal cancer.
- Know your family history – Those with a family history of colorectal cancer should speak with a doctor about early screening options.
Early Screening Matters
The increase in colorectal cancer among young adults highlights the need for greater awareness and earlier screening. Many younger patients are not diagnosed by a colorectal surgeon until the disease has progressed, making treatment more difficult. Seeking medical advice from a trusted female surgeon or specialist can ensure timely intervention. An annual colonoscopy in Melbourne is one of the most effective ways to detect and prevent colorectal cancer, yet many people delay it due to fear or misinformation. By prioritising bowel health and staying informed, young adults can take control of their well-being and reduce their risk of this increasingly common disease.